Focus--What's in our PCs?


Environmental Health Perspectives Volume 110, Number 4, April 2002


What's in our PCs? Materials of health concern in a typical desktop computer.
Name Use/Location Health Effects
Plastics* Includes organics and oxides (other than silica) PBDE-endocrine disruption and affects on fetal development; PBBs-increased risk of cancers of the digestive and lymph systems
Lead Metal joining, radiation shield/CRT, PWB (printed wiring board) Damage to central and peripheral nervous system, circulatory system, and kidneys; effects on endocrine system, serious adverse effects on brain development
Aluminum Structural, conductivity/housing,CRT, PWB, connectors Skin rashes, skeletal problems, and respiratory problems including asthma; linked to Alzheimer's Disease
Gallium Semiconductor/PWB Clear evidence of carcinogenesis in experimental animals
Nickel Structural, magnetivity/(steel) housing, CRT, PWB Allergic reactions, asthma, chronic bronchitis, impaired lung function; reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen
Vanadium Red phosphor emitter/CRT Lung and throat irritation
Beryllium Thermal conductivity/PWB,connectors Lung damage, allergic reactions, chronic beryllium disease; reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen
Chromium Decorative, hardener/(steel) housing Ulcers, convulsions, liver and kidney damage, strong allergic reactions, asthmatic bronchitis, may cause DNA damage; a known human carcinogen
Cadmium Battery, blue-green phosphor emitter/housing, PWB, CRT Pulmonary damage, kidney disease, bone fragility; reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen
Mercury Batteries, switches/housing, PWB Chronic brain, kidney, lung, and fetal damage; increases in blood pressure and heart rate, allergic reactions, effects on brain function and memory; a possible human carcinogen
Arsenic Doping agents in transistors/PWB Allergic reactions, nausea, vomiting, decreased red and white blood cell production, abnormal heart rhythm; inorganic arsenic is a known human carcinogen
Silica Glass, solid state devices/CRT, PWB Respirable-size crystalline silica can cause silicosis, emphysema, obstructive airway disease, and lymph node fibrosis; a known human carcinogen
Sources: Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation (MCC), 1996; Electronics Industry Environmental Roadmap, Austin, TX (MSS); Poison PCs/Toxic TVs, Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition, 2001; ATSDR ToxFAQs, 1995-2001; National Toxicology Program 9th Report on Carcinogens, 2001

*Plastics contain polybrominated flame retardants, and hundreds of additives and stabilizers not listed separately.